A radical or pervasive change in society or in the socio-political structure is called a 'revolution’. In modern times, the human life is considered to be divided into two parts, the one deals with the individual life which consists of religious beliefs and rituals, while the other part deals with the collective affairs and encompasses socio-political and economic system. This part of life on a major scale is an essential ingredient of a civilization.

A judicious study of history reveals that the greatest and the most comprehensive revolution on this earth was carried out by Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on the land of Arabia, and the whole humanity benefited from its blessings. After about 700 years after of that revolution, Shah e Hamadan Mir Syed Ali Hamadani, following the footsteps of the Prophet (SAW), tried to replicate the same in Kashmir, the Northern Areas, Poonch, Rajouri, Mirpur, Gilgit, etc. and came up with astounding results. An outstanding social, cultural, political, economic and religious revolution was carried out, which showered its blessings upon the natives and is still benefiting the people of these areas. It is an indisputable fact that Shah-e-Hamadan emerged not merely as a religious preacher in Kashmir but also as a social, political, economic and cultural guide and brought about a comprehensive change in the lives and aspirations of the people. He introduced and ensured the implementation of universal values of human equality, fraternity and justice which are an essential part of Islamic teachings. In the view of that system, the master and slave, ruler and subjects, rich and poor, high and low caste people were all equal. In a short span of time (about 3 years) he not only motivated a state to accept Islam but also succeeded in transforming the economic, social and political system through inclusive and peaceful means.
It should be borne in mind in particular that the fundamentals of the Revolution in Kashmir were not self-made by Shah-e-Hamadan but he borrowed them from the example of the Holy Prophet (SAW) and did his best to promote and propagate it as best as he could. In his view, there is no need to devise any new method of revolution because the example of the Prophet (SAW) is suitable for every age. With his spiritual and intellectual capabilities, Shah-e-Hamadan made a tremendous impact on the minds of the people of Kashmir. He strengthened the foundations of Islam to such an extent that there is no evidence in history that people at any time thought of returning to their old beliefs after his departure from this land, rather later on, some outstanding spiritual personalities like Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Noorani (RA) and others emerged from the same nation and not even refrained from making sacrifices in the propagation of Islam.
Shah i Hamadan's revolution is diverse and comprehensive at the same time and it is extremely difficult to access his spheres of influence. However, here we will try to focus on some important aspects that were covered by him:

1. Legal and Political Aspects

A system of life based on truth and justice is essential for an ideal society. Islam is the religion that keeps in view the needs of human nature and guides its adherents to follow the teachings of Quranic and Sunnah. Shah-e-Hamadan laid his foundation on the propagation and promotion of these teachings and in order to popularize them, he established many educational and training centres at various places.
He built Khanqahs and mosques at various central places to familiarise people with Islamic teachings. He imported thousands of books from the Central Asia so that the people would be acquainted with knowledge and wisdom. He made tireless efforts to transform Kashmiri society into a knowledge state. With the introduction of vibrant Islamic socio-cultural heritage, he made efforts for the perpetuation of Islamic values. The Islamic system of beliefs is based on the doctrine of Towheed (Monotheism). Shahi Hamadan introduced its spirit with all its requirements in the form of 'Awrad i Fathiyya' which became a rhythmic refrain for the people of Kashmir who would recite it loudly in the mosques after the dawn prayers.
Since Islamic system of governance ensures the protection of life, property and honour of every individual, Shah-e-Hamadan maintained a good relation with the ruling class. He had no interest to engage himself in the corridors of power but he knew it well that rulers have the key role in the enforcement of just laws. People usually follow their rulers without any hesitation so Shah i Hamdan took a special attention in reforming the ruling class. Fortunately, most of the rulers held him in high esteem and he decided to work as 'Nasih ul Mulook' ie, the Councillor of the Kings and strived to entice them towards piety and justice. He wrote many reformative letters to the rulers of his time and dedicated his masterpiece “Zakhirat ul Malook” for them. He was highly successful and there was a significant change in their behaviours.
He paid special attention towards the prevention of the practices that are not in harmony with Qur'an and Sunnah. Although the ruler was a Muslim, but the system of governance was completely un-Islamic. He motivated the ruling class to enforce the Islamic system of governance in letter and spirit. His wise disciples were appointed as judges in the courts so that Islamic system of justice is followed and there is no oppression and exploitation. (To Be Continued)

Author is Senior Lecturer in School Education Department

Email:---- imtiyazaafreen@gmail.com